Chapter 4: Program Outcomes and Logic Models

1. **In your organization, how are program outcomes currently defined?** Do definitions include target groups, needs, and desired future states, or are they vague aspirations? What would change if you applied the formal EBA220 definition?

2. **Think about performance measurement in a program you know well. Are you measuring outputs or outcomes?** If mostly outputs, what prevents measuring outcomes? If you measured outcomes systematically at all three tiers, what decisions might change?

3. **Consider a recent budget decision in your domain. Was the decision informed by understanding which service outputs create the most strategic value?** If you had built a PLM showing output-to-strategic-outcome connections, would the allocation have been different?

4. **Identify a program serving multiple target groups with different needs. Do all target groups experience the same direct outcomes from service outputs?** Should outcomes be segmented by target group? What would differentiated outcome measurement reveal?

5. **Think about a government strategic priority in your jurisdiction. How many programs contribute to it?** If you mapped all programs' PLMs converging on that strategic outcome, would you find gaps (needed services missing) or overlaps (duplication)?