Capability mapping, value streams, and business models: the foundational business architecture concepts every practitioner needs to understand and apply.
A capability is what you can do; a service is how you operationalise it to reach a customer. It's why you 'have the capability' and nothing reaches anyone.
An output is what a service produces; an outcome is the change it makes for the stakeholder. Confusing them lets a program report success while nothing moves.
There's a meeting that happens in every organization. It's the one where smart, committed people sit in the same room, discuss the same problem, and leave with completely different understandings of what was decided.
Your organization has a strategic plan. It probably took months to produce. It involved offsites, consultants, executive workshops, and a final document with enough weight to stop a door.